ABSTRACT
Oligosaccharides and dietary fibres are non-digestible food ingredients that preferentially stimulate the growth of prebiotic Bifidobacterium and other lactic acid bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) provide a plethora of health benefits and can be incorporated into several functional foods. In the recent times, there has been an over emphasis on the microbial conversion of agroresidues into various value added products. Xylan, the major hemicellulosic component of lignocellulosic materials (LCMs), represents an important structural component of plant biomass in agricultural residues and could be a potent bioresource for XOS. On an industrial scale, XOS can be produced by chemical, enzymatic or chemo-enzymatic hydrolysis of LCMs. Chemical methods generate XOS with a broad degree of polymerization (DP), while enzymatic processes will be beneficial for the manufacture of food grade and pharmaceutically important XOS. Xylooligomers exert several health benefits, and therefore, have been considered to provide relief from several ailments. This review provides a brief on production, purification and structural characterization of XOS and their health benefits.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/economics , Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Animals , Anticarcinogenic Agents/economics , Anticarcinogenic Agents/isolation & purification , Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology , Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/economics , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Biomass , Carbohydrate Sequence , Chromatography/methods , Crops, Agricultural/chemistry , Crops, Agricultural/economics , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Glucuronates/economics , Glucuronates/isolation & purification , Glucuronates/pharmacology , Glucuronates/therapeutic use , Humans , Hydrolysis , Lignin/analysis , Microbiota/drug effects , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Oligosaccharides/economics , Oligosaccharides/isolation & purification , Oligosaccharides/pharmacology , Oligosaccharides/therapeutic use , Prebiotics/economics , Waste Products/economics , Xylans/chemistryABSTRACT
Se estudió el efecto de la glomerulopresina en varias venas aisladas de perro, conejo, hamster y rata y en arterias de perro. La glomerulopresina produjo contractión en las venas de perro: yugular, porta femoral, cava, ilíaca, esplénica y no tuvo efecto en las venas: pulmonar, mesentérica y renal. La glomerulopresina también produjo una contractión en algunas arterias de perro: ilíaca, femoral, renal y no tuvo efecto en la aorta, hepática, esplénica y pulmonar. En la rata aumentó la frecuencia del ritmo de las contracciones espontáneas de la vena porta. No se observó ningún efecto en las venas de conejo estudiadas: cava, yugular, ilíaca y porta. Tampoco tuvo efecto en la porta de hamster. En un grupo de experimentos se ensayó clorpromazina y mepacrina, in hibidores de la fosfolipasa A2. Estos inhibidores bloquearon la acción de la glomerulopresina en los tres vasos ensayados: yugular, porta y arteria ilíaca de perro. Estos resultados muestran que la glomerulopresina produce una contracción en varios, pero no en todos los vasos estudiados y sugieren que este efecto es mediado por la liberación de ácido araquidónico